Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment, are widely distributed in circulation. Neutrophils in the central nervous system parenchyma may predominantly originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. Recent studies have shown that neutrophils undergo phenotypic changes after contact with glioma cells, exhibiting various functions including involvement in the malignant progression of gliomas, immunosuppression, and anti-tumor effects. In the early stages, neutrophils exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells through the mechanism of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. With prolonged contact time, the anti-tumor effects of neutrophils gradually weaken while their pro-tumor effects strengthen. Additionally, neutrophils interact with other immune cells through various factors and receptors, further promoting glioma proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune suppression. Therefore, targeted therapy against neutrophils may become a new generation of immunotherapy, enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment. These strategies mainly involve inhibiting neutrophil recruitment, promoting neutrophil reprogramming, and depletion. This review summarizes research on the origin, functional status, immune effects of neutrophils, as well as their impact on gliomas and the prospects of targeted therapy.